The Death Of A Brooklyn Shelter For Domestic Violence

Introduction Adriana, a 24 year old single mother in New York, found herself in a Brooklyn shelter for domestic violence victims with her infant daughter, not yet two. The separation from her abusive boyfriend left her with nothing. â€Å"I was trying to get a job, trying to get my life together,’’ she says. On the night of March 18, Adriana asked a friend to watch her daughter while she picked up some diapers from Target, but as she left the shelter, a staff member called the police since it was past curfew. Adriana was charged with endangering the welfare of a child, and the bail was set at $5,000. The prosecutor cited a history of violence and abuse, but failed to see that her boyfriend was responsible for the charges. Unfortunately, due to†¦show more content†¦Background and Evidence of the Problem One major problem facing American prisons are the extremely high incarceration rates. According to a report released by the National Research Council, â€Å"The US rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5-to 10-times higher than rates in Western Europe and other democracies.† (Zurcher, 2014, para. 3) Based on this report it is clearly illustrated that the incarceration rates are absurdly high in comparison to other major countries. Furthermore, strict sentencing laws and minor drug offences are a major contributor to America’s prison population. Miller writes, the US prison population grew by 700 percent due to an influx of drug arrests and tough sentencing laws. As of now 1.6 million people are behind bars in federal and state prison, leaving America with the largest prison population in the world (para. 11). With a 700 percent increase in prison population one question comes to mind. Does America have an increase in criminal act ivity compared to other countries? Despite the massive increase in incarcerations, crime has not increased significantly increased over the years, and prison doors are still clanking at an exorbitant rate. The increasing prison population is a complete

America After World War II - 1560 Words

Is it possible to know what Americans thought of World War II, if they believed that the war was a just war or whether they did not agree for what the United States was fighting for? The historian Studs Terkel believes he knows this answer and that Americans saw themselves as liberators of an oppressed world fighting for the just war which can be concluded from his famous volume, The Good War. Of course one person’s beliefs should not be believed as easily just by reading a book. A person should base their opinions on something much more analytical than that. In order to decide whether some Americans actually thought that World War II was a just war, a thorough analysis should be done of American life looking at all the facts found. Beginning with American experience before the war then analyzing the experience of the war and the home-front itself and finally ending with the analysis of America after World War II a conclusion can be made regarding the American point of view. A merican life prior to World War II may have not been the best from 1931-1939. Already in the Great Depression that started in 1929 people were left very discouraged and hopeless. In 1932 the economy was the worst it had ever been, it had hit rock bottom (p. 850). Many had lost their jobs and over 11 million Americans could not find work (p. 850). America was at its worst and people were hungry, suicide rates had risen and people were having less children than ever before. People’s reaction to theShow MoreRelatedSoon After World War Ii Ended, The United States Of America1782 Words   |  8 PagesSoon after World War II ended, the United States of America (U.S.A) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) entered the Cold War, an altercation between the two superpowers, which lasted over 40 years, due to their differing political systems; the U.S.S.R. was communist and the U.S.A. democratic (Alchin, 2017). 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Black Decker Essay Example For Students

Black Decker Essay Question 1: BD leads in two product segments, but trails in the third. Why?Answer: It seems from the case that there are several reasons why BD leads in Professional-Industrial and Consumer product segments, but trails in the Professional-Tradesmen segment. It is also clear from the tests performed by Black Decker that their products were at comparable, or even better at some cases, quality. Branded as Home Tools: It appears that professional-tradesmen did not want to use the same tools that housewives used at homes (Black Decker). Tradesmen viewed Black Decker tools more for home use than being subjected to demands of the job site. This was a perception issue that was hurting Black Decker big way. Distribution Channel: It is also evident from the data (Exhibit 2) that Black Decker lacked in capitalizing one of the most profitable distribution channels i.e. Membership Club. On the other hand, Makita who distributed its product through membership clubs, in which Black Decker did not take part in, proved to be very successful channel (85%) for Makita. Color: I believe that the unremarkable grey color did not help Black Decker. The color was another factor that was strongly linked to the Black Deckers image. The color factor was very clearly demonstrated by lab tests and also by the comments from professional-tradesmen. Multiple Segments: Black ; Decker was involved with three different segments Professional-Industrial, Professional-Tradesmen, and Consumer. On the other hand, Makita (who entered the market in 1978) focused on only one segment of the market while B;D focused on three. Question 2: Describe the salient psychological features of the tradesmans buying behavior (values need states). Answer: This is Tradesmen seem to believe that Black Deckers brand is for Consumer use only. They are well aware of the brand, but regard it as the brand that is more suitable for the tools used at home. As Black ; Decker holds about 45% of the consumer market, it has very good brand recognition. In a tradesmens mind the association of Black Decker with consumer segment is so high that they feel that Black Decker is for home use only and it is not rugged enough to be used professionally. Need:Strong tools, that can be used professionallyValue: They need to show up for work with tools that make them look professional. If they show up with Black Decker tools, it may not help in the value that they want to earn in professional environment. Image among other tradesmenColorQuestion 3: What are the salient strengths and weaknesses of the Makita and Milwaukee brands? Be sure to discuss each brands strengths and weaknesses. Answer:Makitas Strengths: Leadership position in almost all the products within Professional-Tradesmen segment. Leadership position in all distribution Channel types with in Professional-Tradesmen segment. This was pretty incredible to be in leadership position in almost all the distribution channels. Successful use of Membership Clubs channel, where BD doesnt even participate. This was one channel where Makita had 80% market share. Concentration on only one segment (Professional-Tradesmen). This provided Makita with focus on only one segment. Perception that Makita provides good baseline options in all major categories, and all other suppliers had particular product strengths. This believe among tradesmen was a major strength for Makita Brand. Makitas Weaknesses:One of the Makitas weaknesses was its bad relationship with retailers. Makita was quoted by retailers as arrogant and dictatorial. This could hurt its retail channel. Secondly Makitas products were priced at Premium over BD. This could be a weakness, as other competitors could easily sell below its price. .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .postImageUrl , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:hover , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:visited , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:active { border:0!important; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:active , .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e11bf0505fa4ea7f3be80e5eda45e4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Predjudice and Discrimination EssayAdditionally Makita didnt provide any Channel Protection. Same products were being sold via range of outlets including Membership Clubs. Milwaukees Strengths: Milwaukees strength was demonstrated by various survey results. They were:oRated best (80%) on one of the best Agreement Data surveyoRated high (95%) on the awareness scale, next to Black ; Decker (98%)oRated best on the Makes High-Quality Tools and Makes Durable/Rugged Tools (91%)Additionally, Milwaukees markets share in Professional-Industrial segment is at parity with BD. This shows Milwaukees competency in power tools. Milwaukee Weaknesses:Like Makita, Milwaukees products were also priced at Premium over BD. This could be a weakness, as competitors could sell under their price to capture the share. Data in exhibit 2 reveals that either Milwaukee was not participating in the Membership Club or was not very effective in it. Question 4: Describe the marketing options available to BD. What are the pros and cons of each?Answer:There are three marketing options available to BD. They are as following:Option 1: Harvest professional-Tradesmen ChannelsIn this option the strategy was to concentrate on the Consumer and Professional-industrial segments and only participate in Professional-Tradesmen segment for profitability. There was no emphasis on capturing the market share. Pros: In this option the focus will be on profitability only, not on market share. Better concentration on the Consumer and Professional-Industrial segmentsCons: Taking focus away from a big market (US Market Segment of $420MM) is not a good ideaProfitability is good, but BD should have a strategy to capture the market share. I think that Black Decker should not harvest Professional-Tradesmen channels because it was the fastest growing segment of the market at 9% rate. This segment would provide Black Decker with considerable amount of revenue. Option 2: Get Behind Black Decker Name with Sub-BrandingThe approach in this option is to get away from the core Black Decker brand and establish a new sub brand. Pros:This may differentiate the products to an extent where tradesmen can see it as a different product. This approach was successfully implemented with a circular blade (Piranha) at Black DeckerThis may be tried, as there was comparatively less financial cost involved, so the financial risk was limited. Cons:This may not differentiate the Products to the extent where tradesmen can see it as a different product. The problem here is to disassociate the Black Decker branding on these products. One needs to go farther away from the core of the Black and Decker brand and then only, a brand differentiation can be achieved. If not successful this may cause embarrassment in the retail channelsLinkage of aggressive objectives of doubling the Black Deckers Professional-Tradesmen segment share from 9% to about 20%Option 3: Drop the black ; Decker Name from the Professional-Tradesmen SegmentThis option talks about disassociating the Black ; Deckers brand name away from Professional-tradesmen segment and use a free standing Brand instead. Pros:This option would provide a proper disassociation from Black Decker brandIntroduction of a Black Deckers one of the stable brands (DeWalt) that has no negative association DeWalt got 70 % awareness rating. This in turn means that Black ; Decker will not have to spend money to establish a new brandDeWalt also achieved an One of the best agreement percentage of 63%Also scored 58% on the purchase interest by tradesmen in DaWalt-Serviced and Distributed by Black DeckerCons:It seems that every one at Black Decker takes a great pride in the #7 brand Power position of the Black Decker name. It will be a challenge to sell the option at Black Decker. Linkage of aggressive objectives of doubling the Black Deckers Professional-Tradesmen segment share from 9% to about 20%I strongly suggest that Joseph Galli should drop the Black and Decker name from the Professional-Tradesmen segment, sell the products in this category under the DeWalt brand and build more brand awareness for DeWalt

Introduction on Religion Religion is an important Essays

Introduction on Religion Religion is an important aspect on studies of early mental health practice. Religion is important to as many as 75% of the population, more profound and relevant with people over 65 years of age and older (Richards and Bergin, 1997). Religion plays a pivotal role on older adults, it becomes part of their identity and personality (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). According to Koenig (1989), religion incorporates people's rituals, beliefs, and practices pertaining to the "transcendent." Which means, these beliefs relates to the supernatural and mystical elements of the world (Koenig, Siegler George, 1989). Religion is always practiced within a community, group, or cult. Religion is often organized and it incorporates beliefs, rules and regulations on the afterlife. Religion is unique in a sense that binds people in a community, who share the same beliefs and sentiments in solidarity. Religion could be measured relating the mental, physical, and emotional outcom es with humans who are believers of the supernatural world. Introduction on Spirituality Spirituality is considered more independent and open freely to the public. Unlike religion, not organized. It doesn't follow the Bible for rules, regulations, such as the Ten Commandments. Everyone has their own unique and special interpretation of what spirituality means to them. Considered vague by many researchers because the meaning of spirituality is constantly changing. Spirituality is very diverse because it doesn't only pertain to a belief in one God, it could relate to having an appreciation for nature, such as trees as a spiritual journey. Many people believe in different aspects of the afterlife. In some cultures, sun, rain, horses and pigs are considered "godly." Overall, it seems like in today's generation, people feel more associated with spirituality than religion because they feel like it's more of a judgment free zone. You don't have to follow guidelines, rules and regulations t o live your life, the way you want to live it. Variations of Religion StudyA thorough research study composed by Walker et al, within this study he followed a compare and contrast method with senior residents. The staff was comprised from different religious organizations and from 13 facilities, in which long-term care was provided. A survey was conducted with this researcher. The first group that Walker et al focused on was understanding religion from the Jewish perception. The Jewish residents all belonged to the same synagogue, in which the survey was conducted. The first task given was to identify 35 words that incorporates what Judaism personally means to each person. The five religious words that were repeated in the study were: Torah, heritage, social activism, Ten Commandments, and belief in one God. The Jewish residents defined spirituality as a deep connection with God. The five religious words that were repeated in the study for spirituality were: connection with God, app reciating other beliefs, understanding foundation of the afterlife, and meditation (Walker et al. August Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998).The second group Walker et al focused on was Christianity with Christian residents all above the age of 65. These residents were told to come up with 23 words that best described Christianity. Collectively speaking, they weren't able to successfully come to a group consensus. Instead the group put all their focus and attention on the obvious staple of Christianity. They all recognized that Christ was born, died, then rose from the dead. Second concept they demonstrated as a group, in order to live successful, live through Christ, one must show aspects of love and show compassion for the less unfortunate by doing charity work. The third concept they've all agreed that one must have a personal relationship and with Christ. That simply means one must pray daily and read scriptures of th e bible. Christianity heavily relies on the bible for words of encouragement, to follow basic rules and regulations of bible verses as a guide to live healthier lifestyles (Walker et al. August Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998).The third group Walker et al focused on was the perception of religion and spirituality with Caucasians. These residents immediately communicated with one another, verbally speaking. They came up with a

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution If you went back in time and looked at the first, unremarkable prehistoric sharks of the Ordovician periodabout 420 million years agoyou might never guess that their descendants would become such dominant creatures, holding their own against vicious marine reptiles like pliosaurs and mosasaurs and going on to become the apex predators of the worlds oceans. Today, few creatures in the world inspire as much fear as the Great White Shark, the closest nature has come to a pure killing machineif you exclude Megalodon, which was 10 times bigger. Before discussing shark evolution, though, its important to define what we mean by shark. Technically, sharks are a suborder of fish whose skeletons are made out of cartilage rather than bone; sharks are also distinguished by their streamlined, hydrodynamic shapes, sharp teeth, and sandpaper-like skin. Frustratingly for paleontologists, skeletons made of cartilage dont persist in the fossil record nearly as well as skeletons made of bonewhich is why so many prehistoric sharks are known primarily (if not exclusively) by their fossilized teeth. The First Sharks We dont have much in the way of direct evidence, except for a handful of fossilized scales, but the first sharks are believed to have evolved during the Ordovician period, about 420 million years ago (to put this into perspective, the first tetrapods didnt crawl up out of the sea until 400 million years ago). The most important genus that has left significant fossil evidence is the difficult-to-pronounce Cladoselache, numerous specimens of which have been found in the American midwest. As you might expect in such an early shark, Cladoselache was fairly small, and it had some odd, non-shark-like characteristicssuch as a paucity of scales (except for small areas around its mouth and eyes) and a complete lack of claspers, the sexual organ by which male sharks attach themselves (and transfer sperm to) the females. After Cladoselache, the most important prehistoric sharks of ancient times were Stethacanthus, Orthacanthus, and Xenacanthus. Stethacanthus measured only six feet from snout to tail but already boasted the full array  of shark features: scales, sharp teeth, a distinctive fin structure, and a sleek, hydrodynamic build. What set this genus apart were the bizarre, ironing-board-like structures atop the backs of males, which were probably somehow used during mating. The equally ancient Stethacanthus and Orthacanthus were both fresh-water sharks, distinguished by their small size, eel-like bodies, and odd spikes protruding from the tops of their heads (which may have delivered jabs of poison to bothersome predators). The Sharks of the Mesozoic Era Considering how common they were during the preceding geologic periods, sharks kept a relatively low profile during most of the Mesozoic Era,  because of intense competition from marine  reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. By far the most successful genus was Hybodus, which was built for survival: this prehistoric shark had two types of teeth, sharp ones for eating fish and flat ones for grinding mollusks, as well as a sharp blade jutting out of its dorsal fin to keep other predators at bay. The cartilaginous skeleton of Hybodus was unusually tough and calcified, explaining this sharks persistence both in the fossil record and in the worlds oceans, which it prowled from the Triassic to the early Cretaceous periods. Prehistoric sharks really came into their own during the middle Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. Both Cretoxyrhina (about 25 feet long) and Squalicorax (about 15 feet long) would be recognizable as true sharks by a modern observer; in fact, theres direct tooth-mark evidence that Squalicorax preyed on dinosaurs that blundered into its habitat. Perhaps the most surprising shark from the Cretaceous period is the recently discovered Ptychodus, a 30-foot-long monster whose numerous, flat teeth were adapted to grinding up tiny mollusks, rather than large fish or aquatic reptiles. After the Mesozoic After the dinosaurs (and their aquatic cousins) went extinct 65 million years ago, prehistoric sharks were free to complete their slow evolution into the remorseless killing machines we know today. Frustratingly, the fossil evidence for the sharks of the Miocene epoch (for example) consists almost exclusively of teeththousands and thousands of teeth, so many that you can buy yourself one on the open market for a fairly modest price. The Great White-sized Otodus, for example, is known almost exclusively by its teeth, from which paleontologists have reconstructed this fearsome, 30-foot-long shark. By far the most famous prehistoric shark of the Cenozoic Era  was Megalodon, adult specimens of which measured 70 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as 50 tons. Megalodon was a true apex predator of the worlds oceans, feasting on everything from whales, dolphins, and seals to giant fish and (presumably) equally giant squids; for a few million years, it may even have preyed on the equally ginormous whale Leviathan. No one knows why this monster went extinct about two million years ago; the most likely candidates include climate change and the resulting disappearance of its usual prey.

An Overview Of John Bergers Article Ways Of Seeing

An Overview Of John Berger's Article Ways Of Seeing John Berger wrote an article entitled Ways of Seeing . In this article of his, he imposes his opinion of works of art , what constitutes a work of art. He also talks about reproductions of art. His perception of reproductions is that they pervert the original piece, and that by reproduction the beauty and value of the piece is taken away, that the piece is not the same because it does not represent anymore what the artist originally intended. I do not agree with Berger. I do not see reproductions of art to be perversions of the original, and I also do not agree with his outline for a work of art . Reproduction allows people to see something they might never have, they allow the artist to gain more exposure, whereas if there had been no reproduction, only a handful of people might have seen it. As to what a work of art is, that is something I believe to be totally up to the observer. What one may perceive to be beautiful, an opinion perhaps brought on by personal experiences, another may not see the same way. A work of art I truly enjoy and respect is Salvador Dali s Table with Landscape . The joy of the painting for me comes from the intricacies that Dali weaves into the painting. The painting has many levels to it, a succession of realizations occur if the painting is studied long enough. When I first saw this painting, I saw a cup on a table, with a lot of scenery in the background. I do not consider myself someone who appreciates art in any particular form, so at first all I saw was a bland table with a cup on it. When I looked closer however, I began to see much more to the picture. The neck of the cup seemed to be part of a face, the mouth and nose of the face lying in the table. The scenery that I had previously disregarded as unimportant revealed itself to be much more. At the very top of the painting was a mountain landscape, and below it, mixed into the scenery, standing behind the cup on the table, was a dog! A dog? I said. Why on earth would Dali put a dog in his painting, and moreover, why would we make it such a concealed part of the painting. I did not understand at first Dali s reasoning for this strange painting, but as soon as I let go of my confusions, the painting started to make sense to me. I no longer cared what the painting had meant to Dali when he was painting it, but rather I was interested in what the painting meant to me. Perhaps this was wrong of me to totally disregard the painter s initial reason for creating the picture, but what concerned me most was the idea of the painting that was taking shape in my mind. I saw the painting as a part of my mind, seemingly one huge mass of thoughts and ideas thrown together making completely no sense. But when I looked closer, I could pick out individual parts of the painting. The parts might not have been related, but never the less they were separate. I found that my mind was the same way. It was a huge mass of ideas thrown together, but if I took the time to think, I could separate all the diff erent things I was thinking, and individually they all made sense. This is something I would do when I am confused, if there is too much going on in my head that it seems it is all one big mess, I take the time to separate the ideas and I slowly begin to understand my situation better. When I tell people about this painting and what it means to me, they often have no idea of what I could possibly mean, but the fact that they don t understand me is inconsequential, because the painting is special to me for my own reasons, and that is what is important to me. Before in this essay, I referred to Dali s painting as a work of art . What is a work of art ? Who determines what is or is not a work of art ? Berger talks about works of art , mainly when he refers to common paintings that most people recognize by name. Is this to imply that a piece of art has to be well known in order to be considered a work of art ? What about before these works of art were famous. They were merely canvases filled with paint, the same as they are today, yet at the time when they were produced, they were not immediately considered revolutionary and inspirational for their time. It took people to who had the means to view these paintings to give them such a distinction. Once again, I will repeat, people who had the means. The poor people of the time could not afford such luxuries to view pieces of art, so a painter obtained his praise from the high class solely, and only once the painting was famous enough to gain exposure could the lower class see it and make thei r own judgements, too late of course since the piece had already been dubbed a work of art and was revered. The fact that the piece was considered a work of art by one group may mean nothing to another person. This is because what one person may see to be an example of beauty in a painting, another person might have a different opinion. That is why I say a work of art is completely in the eye of the beholder, that is, art is a personal thing and we cannot expect a person to see exactly what we see, and appreciate it the same way as we may. Berger is strongly against reproduction of art. He says it perverts the original piece and takes away from its meaning. I cannot totally disagree with Berger that the idea of art may change with other people s perceptions, but I cannot agree with him that it is necessarily a bad thing. With the reproduction comes the void of what the painting means. The artist is no longer always there to tell you what he felt when painting that specific piece. That however, is to me the beautiful part of art. Being able to interpret the painting for your own reasons is a freedom that allows us to be creative. Berger argues that this sense of understanding the painting is called mystification (Berger, 108). It is nothing less than the painting working upon us (Berger, 109). He considers the artist to be a seducer, to make us think we understand the painting. Well then, which is it, do we understand the painting or don t we? It is true that we cannot understand the painter s perspective from looking a t the painting itself, but we can understand the painting for our own reasons, based on our own experiences. In the painting I described earlier, there are many possibilities as to what someone s first interpretation might be, or what would be the first thing they saw in the painting. I myself initially saw a cup on a table, but someone else might see the face in the cup first, or the dog in the background. All these reasons are because the painting means something different to each person. Also, would other people see all the aspects of the painting as I did, or would they merely see one thing surrounded by a massive amount of random items in the painting that seem to have no connection. The fact is, it does not matter. The way I interpret the painting will most probably be different from someone else s interpretation, that is because we look for different things in the painting. Our minds are stimulated in different ways. If we were not allowed to see the painting in our own light , if we were forced to see what the painter had originally intended, then our creative forces would be crippled, and our own ideas would mean nothing. In reality, our own ideas mean everything to us, they make us who we are, allow us to think freely, and draw our own conclusions. As I said, I do not believe a work of art can be decided upon by a small group of people, because then only their points of view are considered when making the decision. Berger was entitled to his own opinion on art reproduction. His own opinion is valid purely for the fact that it is his opinion and cannot be proven wrong by anyone because a person s opinion is his or her own idea, not a true or false statement.

Tectonic work on Troppo and Glen Murcutt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tectonic work on Troppo and Glen Murcutt - Essay Example Tectonics was developed in response to a discussion set by Phenomenology. The idea was mainly used as a means for criticizing the modern technology. Tectonic architecture forms parables to other building constructions, and corresponds to values other than a scientific conceptual sphere. Tectonic architecture uses techniques of bearing structure to develop associations and Experiences1. Tectonics of industrial production and cultural Mass-production has led to building culture giving reputation to general standards and homogeneity to satisfy the final customer. With the computer era, the Computers have changed the means of working with building projects and architecture during the past. Troppo and Glen Murcutt are two architects whose work has been based on tectonic designs and one cannot fail to admit that they have some of the most outstanding designs from this form of architecture. Murcutt tectonic architecture Glenn Murcutt is one of the most famous people when it comes to the stu dy of architect designs on the tectonic platform. One cannot fail to recognize the talent bestowed upon him from his designs. One of his early designs in the late 1980’s that intrigues me by its simplicity yet remains to be an explicit design is the "Ball-East away House", at Glenore, Sydney2. This was a single story house with a beam platform. The house was made entirely out of steel frame with its side walls having timber. This is considered to be one of the greatest buildings to be ever designed in its time. An ordinary individual may fail to see the beauty behind the designed, but as architecture, every inch of the house designs is superb. Glenn had tectonics design in mind when he took his time to design the house. To begin with, Glenn has always had a tradition of using lightweight materials that would allow the design to come out alive. This is because lightweight materials are easy to bend to fit the design. Glenn uses corrugated iron sheet roof top because it would b e easier to form the curved roof structure. This aside he uses wood for the walls and floor because wood is light and easier to deal with as opposed to concrete, bricks or stones. Tectonics is all about merging ideas. Glenn constructs a modern design in a rural area and to ensure that the house is safe from natural forces such as water, the floor is raised and made of wood. In this design, Murcutt manages to blend in myriad details that make the final product a wonderful piece of art. This was a very nice building. Another of Glenn’s greatest tectonic designs of all times is that of the Magney house. This is one of the buildings that he explores the use of mass as an option based on the landscape. Murcutt has always used lightweight materials because they are very easy to work with and they create space even on very small lands. However, in the Magney house, he needed to create some caving and that made the use of mass necessary because they are larger. Their size gives room for play as opposed to thin materials. Glenn takes pleasure in playing with mass and light weight. In the Magney house he creates the cave by using mass for the walls and uses steel frame for the roof plane. This creates the sense of a floating roof3. In the sitting room, Glenn purposes the house for shelter and prospect by making it abstracted. He uses a parasol roof with clustered spaces taking the form of caves and a stretched plain flour. A similar design to this was that of the Laurie short